“Fascinating Fascism”

What We Don’t Understand About Fascism https://t.co/hYvrTfkHHH　政治的レッテルとしてファシズム／ファシストがなぜ駄目かについて。

— mozu (@mozumozumozu) August 22, 2020

Fascism was not fully vanquished by the military victories of World War II alone. Preventing its revival required a big rethink of economic and political principles around the world. It called for big projects, for huge investments, and for government planning to bring about economic recovery......    Capitalism had to accept regulation. Old-fashioned liberalism had to accept labor reform and state spending on social benefits. Europe, if it was to end its warring divisions, had to accept some kind of federalism. The Catholic Church had to resolve its theological ambivalence and champion human rights universally, not only for Christians. Socialism (and communism) had to become more patriotic and reformist. World government had to become stronger, fairer, and more universal.

台頭する中国なんかみていると、廣松渉の 「近代の超克」論 とか読み返したくなるんだよねえ。捨てちゃってないから図書館で借りるかなあ。

当時に日本もファシズムに走ったわけだけ、西洋流の民主主義、資本主義、共産主義、自由主義、個人主義の欠点を超克しようとした動きがあったわけで、議論のあるところだろうけど、ニーチェやハイデカーも支持している、とも言われている。

ファシズムー結束主義にとって重要な契機として、

The primacy of the group. Supporting the group feels more important than maintaining either individual or universal rights.

Believing that one's group is a victim. This justifies any behavior against the group's enemies.

The belief that individualism and liberalism enable dangerous decadence and have a negative effect on the group.  

A strong sense of community or brotherhood. This brotherhood's "unity and purity are forged by common conviction, if possible, or by exclusionary violence if necessary."

Individual self-esteem is tied up in the grandeur of the group. Paxton called this an "enhanced sense of identity and belonging."

Extreme support of a "natural" leader, who is always male. This results in one man taking on the role of national savior. 

"The beauty of violence and of will, when they are devoted to the group's success in a Darwinian struggle," Paxton wrote. The idea of a naturally superior group or, especially in Hitler's case, biological racism, fits into a fascist interpretation of Darwinism.

などがあげられているが、中国や北朝鮮が飛びつきそうなイデオロギーではないか。