情動論3)の続き
Envy JeaousyThe core relational theme for envy is wanting what someone else has. The core relational theme for jealousy is resenting a third party for loss or threat to another's affection.EA p254
妬み、というのは他人がもっているものをほしがること、嫉妬は他人が得ている愛情に対する憤り。
Envy is a two-person emotion. Jealousy, in contrast, is a three-way triangle in which someone threatens or has taken what we consider ours, most often the affection of a third party. Doris was initially jealous of her sister, but later, when there was no third party, she suffered from envy. We envy the person who has a good job but are jealous of the person who got the good job to which we aspired.(PRp31)
妬みは二者関係で、嫉妬は三者関係
what she sees as lacking symbolizes the constant sense of being treated unfairly and not properly appreciated. People with such characterological envy feel a fundamental deprivation that goes to the very heart of their personal and social identity. It is as if Doris is saying, "As a person I deserve more from the world." This is the personal meaning of the envy that defeats her.(PAp29)
妬みの裏には、自分は不公平に扱われており、自分はこれ以上に値する、という思いがあるんだ、と。
The action tendency for envy is to seek and possess the positively valued person.....Anger, with its impulse to attack, is the most prominent action tendency in jealousy,(EAp257)
行動性向は、妬みはほしがっているものを得ようとし、嫉妬は(自分の代わりに愛情を得いている者に対する)怒りと攻撃。
ペットたちが嫉妬しているが、妬み、と言えそうなものもある。
Melanie Klein (1957) portrays jealousy as stemming from greed stimulated by fear, which signifies that someone else (e.g., another sibling) has taken over or has been given the "good breast," which by right is felt to belong to the one who is jealous. (MAp259)
嫉妬は、自分のものであるお乳を誰かに取られるんじゃないかという恐怖から生じる貪欲さから来ている、とも、いわれ、それゆえ激しいものがあるのかもしれないね。
What Is Envy? The Definition and Consequence of this Deadly Sin
妬みはキリスト教では七つの大罪の一つに数えられるんだけど、嫉妬と区別されていないようだね。
Though Shakespeare does not provide explicit clues, one motive that can be readily inferred to explain the foolishness of this otherwise heroic figure is the paranoia of a minority person in a foreign culture —Othello is black, an African Moor, in a society of Iberian whites.
白人社会で白人の妻を持っており、白人に奪われるのではないか、という思いが黒人として不当に扱われていたオセロにあったとしても不思議ではない。
IAGO. O, beware, my lord, of jealousy!
It is the green-eyed monster, which doth mock
The meat it feeds on.
(くれぐれも嫉妬にはご用心を。あれは緑の目をした怪物で、ひとのこころをなぶりものにした挙げ句、食いものにするという奴です。)
妬み、嫉妬に狂う、というのも人間の哀れな姿だね。
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