2019年11月17日日曜日

検察の被告人有利証拠開示義務を明記し、違反には罰則を



Exculpatory evidence is evidence favorable to the defendant in a criminal trial that exonerates or tends to exonerate the defendant of guilt.It is the opposite of inculpatory evidence, which tends to present guilt.

 In many countries, including the United States, police and prosecutors are required to disclose to the defendant exculpatory evidence they possess before the defendant enters a plea (guilty or not guilty).[2]
2 検察官の開示義務
 そこで、裁判員制度の導入のために、刑事訴訟法が改正され、公判前整理手続において、検察官は、検察官請求証拠に加えて、証明力判断のために重要な一定類型の証拠、被告人側の主張に関連する証拠については、開示の必要性と弊害の有無、種類、程度等を勘案して開示しなければならないとものと定められるに至りました。
 但し、検察官手持ち証拠の原則開示制度や、弁護人からのいわゆる証拠探し目的の開示請求は認められませんでした。
類似の制度がないわけではないが、かなり不十分だろうね。




An Introduction to Exculpatory Evidence under US Law for the Uzbek Prosecutor David M. Siegel1 Abstract: Failure to disclose material exculpatory evidence that was known or should have been known to the prosecutor can cause the overturning of a conviction, but recent criticisms suggest this is an insufficient incentive for prosecutors to fully comply with their obligations,

 C. Professional Policies and Standards Although this federal constitutional duty (which thus applies to all prosecutors in all courts in the US, whether in federal or state court) does not require prosecutors to disclose everything in their files to the defense lawyers, professional policies, advisory standards, and model rules of ethics have recommended broader disclosure of exculpatory evidence to defense lawyers.

義務はあるが、違反しているかどうかの判断もあいまいで、仮に違反しても訴追まであるのか、どうか?

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