The United States is in the minority of countries that still grant birthright citizenship.

米国が出生地主義を明確にしたのは、憲法修正1４条であり、南北戦争の結果だ。それは、黒人奴隷に、国籍＝市民権を認めていなかったから。この修正条項で、黒人に国籍＝市民権を否定することができなくなった。米国が原住民の権利を否定し、黒人に市民権を与えるには、出生地主義が必要だったわけだ。

— buvery (@buvery) February 27, 2021

 

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. 

The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship, nullifying the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had held that Americans descended from African slaves could not be citizens of the United States. 

いろんな歴史的経緯があるんですね。

日本でも出生地主義をとるべきか、いなかは、これとはまた別に議論をすべき問題ではある。

歴史的経緯が違うから違う結論をとらなければならないわけでもなく、また、アメリカがやっているから、同じにすべき、というのもおかしな話。

VOA

Foreigners Seeking US Citizenship for Children Flout Law, Can Endanger Babies

By Jesusemen Oni

December 06, 2016 07:15 PM

The United States is in the minority of countries that still grant birthright citizenship.

And that has some Americans deeply upset.

While there are no official numbers on "birth tourism," the Center for Immigration Studies estimates that about 36,000 women come to the United States every year to give birth so their children can automatically become American citizens. CIS, which favors lower levels of immigration, reports that "birth tourism" is largely practiced by Chinese, but families also come from Taiwan, South Korea, Nigeria, Turkey, Russia, Brazil and Mexico.  

出生地主義にも問題点はある。