の続き
Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction
を読んでたら、沢庵和尚の不動智神妙録が引用されてたわ。
The uplifted sword has no will of its own, it is all of emptiness. It is like a flash of lightning. The man who is about to be struck down is also of emptiness, as is the one who wields the sword [ . . . ] Do not get your mind stopped with the sword you raise, forget about what you are doing, and strike the enemy.
Zen master Takuan So¯ho¯ Zenji (1573–1645
A. Jus ad bellum1. A war is just only if it is waged by a legitimate authority.Even just causes cannot be served by individuals or groupswho do not constitute a legitimate authority.2. A just war can only be fought to redress a wrong suffered.For example, self-defence against an armed attack isalways considered to be a just cause (although the justiceof the cause is not in itself sufficient – see point 4). Further, a just war can only be fought with ‘right’ intentions:the only permissible objective of a just war is to redressthe injury.3. A just war can only be waged as a last resort. All nonviolent options must be exhausted before the use of force can be justified.4. A war can only be just if it is fought with a reasonablechance of success. Deaths and injury incurred in a hopeless cause are not morally justifiable.5. The ulimate goal of a just war is to re-establish peace.More specifically, the peace established after the warmust be preferable to the peace that would have prevailedif the war had not been fought.B. Jus in bello1. The violence used in the war must be proportional to theinjury suffered.2. The weapons used in war must discriminate betweencombatants and non-combatants. Civilians are neverpermissible targets of war, and every effort must be takento avoid killing civilians.
ただ、これ判断が難しいので、葬式仏教やあるいは、山寺でのほほんと隠遁している坊さんたちには判断し難いだろうな、とは思う。
ところで、この4に注目してもらいたい。
4. A war can only be just if it is fought with a reasonable
chance of success. Deaths and injury incurred in a hopeless cause are not morally justifiable
犠牲が多すぎる負け戦なら正義の戦争にならない。開戦当時、 ここらへんの議論もなく、戦え!降伏するな!の一本槍だった日本の国際政治学者はどうしちゃたんだろう、と思う。正戦論じゃなくて、帝国陸軍の精神論かなにかが復活したのかとおもっちゃったよ。。
ちなみに、関連で読んだ、
Nietzsche and Zen: Self Overcoming Without a Self
これもまあまあ、おもしろかった。やはり、Zen at War が引用されてたわ。
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