The Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (TİHV) has disclosed a 22% surge in torture and ill-treatment related complaints during 2022. A significant majority of complaints are suspected to arise from politically motivated threats and beatings, with 68.8% of applications coming from Kurdish-majority regions.
トルコでは、拷問や虐待があったとする苦情が去年より２２％増加。68.8％はクルド人が過半数居住する地域からだった、と。
‘People tortured in Turkey from age 5 to 76’
According to HRFT Treatment Centers 2021 report, the Foundation has received the highest number of applications last year since its establishment in 1990. A five-year-old child also complained about torture in 2021.
'Due to political opinions, identity or actions'
While 30.6 percent of Turkey's population were born in Southeast and Eastern Anatolia, 63.7 percent of the ones who complained about being tortured and maltreated were born in these two regions.
Of the people who applied to the TİHV-HRFT in 2020 and were tortured in Turkey, 89.2 percent said that they were taken into custody due to their political opinions, identities, or actions.
Of the 984 people who applied to the TİHV-HRFT in 2021, 915 have stated that they were subjected to torture or ill-treatment.
こちらは２０２２年の記事だが、トルコでは５歳から７６歳の人たち拷問され、拷問された人たちの89.2％は政治的な理由か、自分の属する性別、民族のせいか、行動が気に食わなかったにより勾留されたのだ、と。
南東アナトリア、東アナトリア地域はトルコの人口の30.6％に過ぎないが、拷問虐待を受けた人の63.7％はこの地域出身。
ウィキでみると
Southeastern Anatolia Region
The most populous city in the region is Gaziantep. Other big cities are Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Adıyaman.
とあるが、これは在日クルド人の出身地と
在日クルド人の出身地は主にトルコ南東部、特にガジアンテップやカフラマンマラシュ、アデゥヤマン、シャンルウルファなどの都市やその近郊の村である[13]
かなり重なるね。
‘Tell those stories’: Kurds call for torture prison to be turned into place of healing
Fears Turkey’s ‘culture centre’ plan for Diyarbakır military prison could whitewash history
Diyarbakır, a city of 1.8 million in Turkey’s south-east, is the country’s unofficial Kurdish capital, with a complex, proud and bloody history of resistance against the state.
For many, the prison is the ultimate manifestation of the pain of the Kurdish struggle: in the 1980s and 90s, thousands of Kurdish men and women were imprisoned there and subjected to horrific forms of torture, earning it the reputation of being one of the worst prisons in the world.
The abuses committed inside its walls fuelled the rise of the Kurdistan Workers’ party, or PKK, which has fought against the Turkish state ever since.
トルコとクルドの戦闘において１９８０年代９０年代クルド人拷問所となっていた場所が文化センターに改築されるのでその歴史が漂白されてしまうのではないか、と。
Between 395 and 510 civilians were reported killed in the operation.[52][59][63] Other reported war crimes include the mutilation of a female corpse by SNA fighters,[71] the killing of civilians due to indiscriminate shelling by Turkish forces,[72] the alleged use of chemical gas by the Turkish Army,[73][74] and the indiscriminate shooting of refugees fleeing from the conflict area into Turkey by the Gendarmerie General Command.[
これは２０１８年におきたトルコ軍による市民虐殺事件。
市民に対する無差別砲撃、化学ガス兵器までつかったのではないか、という嫌疑まである。逃げ惑う難民を無差別に射撃したわけだね。
This paper provides a legal overview of Turkey’s 2018 invasion of Afrin and the violations committed by its army and proxy forces. It argues that Turkey committed crimes of arbitrary detention, torture, persecution, sexual violation, forced displacement, property theft, and extrajudicial killing against the Kurdish population of Afrin.
Afrin というのはこの虐殺事件がおきるまではシリアのクルド人居住区だたわけだね。上記の市民というのは要するにクルド人のことだね。
それでトルコ軍その代理軍隊によってクルド人に対する恣意的勾留、拷問、迫害、性加害、強制移住、略奪、超法規的殺人が行われた、と。
These joint forces arbitrarily arrested each person we interviewed without providing reason other than their perceived and fabricated participation in the PKK.
これはよく言われるんだけど、トルコは「おまえPKK関係者だろう」と因縁をつけて恣意的にクルド人を勾留。
Sexual violence has also been a tactic to instill fear within male detainees. Former male detainees told the Commission that they were threatened by SNA members to forcibly watch a minor be raped. One reported that a “minor was gang-raped, as the male detainees were beaten and forced to watch in an act that amounts to torture.”[29] A few weeks, another minor was gang-raped by the SNA in front of the detainees. All these acts constitute the humiliating and degrading treatment of torture, as well as the sexual violence component, and amount to crimes against humanity.
勾留された男性は殴られて、未成年者への集団を強姦を強制的に見させられた、と。
Turkish authorities kidnapped one of the authors’ interviewees from her house in Afrin and took her to a Turkish detention center where she recounted her experiences. She described an eleven-year-old girl who tried to strangle herself as she heard her mother’s screams from being tortured in a nearby cell. Other methods of torture that she recounted included ripping skin, breaking teeth, cutting hair, and multiple times a day bringing a knife to peoples’ throats threatening to slaughter them like animals. Detainees were also starved, including the elderly, women, and children. These reports are corroborated by other interviewees who similarly spent months in Turkish detention centers. Several accounts detailed how the joint officials accused the Kurdish prisoners of being infidels to justify their torture. For example, one interviewee recounts that one man’s torture was so extreme, including electrocution, because they accused him of taking a paper from the Quran and of using it to roll a cigarette. One thirteen-year-old boy was kidnapped and detained three times and has recounted that starvation was a consistent element of the inhumane conditions. He recounted, “We would get one potato and a piece of bread once a day and told us that was too much for us and that we were whores and ‘hungry Kurds.’”
１１歳の女子は近くの房室で母親が拷問されているときの悲鳴を聞き自分の首を締めて自殺を試みた。ほかにも、皮をはぐ、歯を破壊する、髪の毛を切る、首にナイフをつけて、動物のように殺すぞ、と脅すなどされた、と。
食事も与えられず、つねに飢えていた。「クルド人は売女だ。おまえらは飢えたクルド人だ」と言われた、と。
The authors interviewed two Kurdish men recently detained by Turkish authorities and SNA soldiers. One man, who spent twenty-three days in Turkish custody, detailed the brutal torture he experienced, infamously named “the roasted chicken,” which entailed tying his hands to his legs and being hanged from the ceiling. “They kept me like that for an hour or more,” he described, “and if you're not answering their questions, they continue torturing you until you're paralyzed. For almost two weeks I couldn’t eat because my hands were paralyzed.” Guards threatened to rape their families and to take over the city, “telling us, it’s not our city anymore.”
ローストチキンと呼ばれる拷問がある。手と足を紐で結ばれて天井から吊るされるのである。 手足は麻痺し食事もできなかった。家族を強姦するぞ、と脅された、と。
Conclusion
This paper has detailed some of the crimes against humanity that Turkey’s proxy forces continue to commit against Kurdish civilians in Afrin. The UN Report provides evidence that Turkish backed forces are imprisoning and torturing Kurdish civilians on the basis of being Kurdish, which constitutes persecution. Turkish proxy members use systematic sexual violence and torture in Afrin to force Kurds from their villages and towns. To date, Afrin is now less than 40 percent Kurdish, a dramatic reduction from over 97 percent Kurdish prior to the Turkish intervention in 2018.[55] If the violence from Turkish proxy forces continues unchecked, the Kurdish population will continue to be driven out until they are eradicated from the region.
国連の調査報告でもトルコがクルド人をクルド人であるがゆえに投獄、拷問し、迫害した証拠はある。アフリーンはもともと９７％がクルド人であったが、いまや４０％しかいない。
“He threatened to kill my daughter, rape me, take pictures and distribute them to everyone. He forced me to watch the cruel torture of women. It was so bad that I became ill just by the sight”, says an unnamed woman in a video detailing her capture in Afrin, northern Syria.
これもアフリーンでの拷問
自分の娘を殺し、お前を強姦し、写真をとってみんなにばらまく、女たちを拷問しているところを無理やり見せられました、と。
Complaints of torture on rise in Turkey's Kurdish southeast
Picture this: A woman is home alone in Diyarbakir province in Turkey's Kurdish-majority southeast. At 5 a.m., 100 policemen from counterterrorism and special forces units storm the apartment, instructing the neighbors to stay inside and not communicate with anyone. Then they sledgehammer the door and unleash two police dogs to attack Sevil Rojbin Cetin. But that is only the beginning.
Cetin is an activist in women’s movements and a former Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) mayor, elected in 2014 and replaced by a government appointee in 2016.
Cetin was interrogated for 3½ hours in her apartment while her legs were bleeding from multiple dog bites. The apartment was turned upside down, while she was blindfolded and beaten.
She was stripped half naked with her hands tied, while photos were taken of her. The physical and sexual torture was coupled with verbal abuses; a gun was held to her head. “At one point she was taken to the balcony and the officer told her, ‘If your apartment was on the 5th floor, you would have jumped by now and we would not have to deal with you,” said Meral Danis Bestas, a pro-Kurdish HDP lawmaker.
Remziye Tosun, HDP lawmaker who has been targeted for wearing white scarves in the parliament, told Al-Monitor, “During the siege of Sur [in 2016], I stayed at home with my young children. Then they [security forces] took us outside; I had my two daughters with me — one was 18 months and the other nine years old. The security forces were determined to send my children to social services despite my pleas to call my family. But they sent my 9-year-old to an orphanage; my nursing child was allowed to stay in prison with me.”
女性活動家で野党HDPに属する市長さんの家に１００人の警官が押し入り２匹の犬を放ち、Cetin さんに噛みついた。Cetinは半裸にされ、手を縛られ写真とられてた。噛みつかれた脚から血がでていたが、３時間半に渡って尋問された。銃を頭につきつけられ、バルコニーに連れられ、ここが５階だったらお前は飛び降りていただろう、と脅された。
Ousted Kurdish mayor attacked by police dogs, tortured in home for hours
他の記事で見るとクルド人なんですね。
Tosun said that since 2015 state forces have increased gradually the intensity of torture and abuse of women. “We have gone back in time — back to the days of Esat Oktay Yildiran. That is the mentality of the AKP [Justice and Development Party] right now; torture has come back with a vengeance.” (Yildiran was a military officer who was notorious for his gruesome torture techniques at the Diyarbakir prison in the 1980s.)
HDP党議員の他のクルド人女性Tosun＊さんがいうには２０１５年以来 女性に対する拷問と虐待はひどくなっている、と。
Tosun’s house in Sur was demolished, and she was imprisoned for 15 months with her youngest child. Despite all that has happened, she keeps her kind and compassionate spirit. “The thing that hurt the most was not the physical hardship but the humiliation. One day we were cleaning the newly built prison in Elazig, but we had little access to cleaning products. We saw a group of female guards staring at us, so one of the inmates asked why the guards laughed nervously among themselves. One replied, 'Look they speak, they are human.' This I cannot forget, but I understand.”
Tosunさんも家もぶち壊され１５ヶ月に渡って収監された、と。女性の監視たちがクルド人囚人をみて笑っているのでなぜか、と問うと、「あら、こいつら言葉を喋る、人間なんだね」と言った、と。
Tosun said that she has forgiven those guards, adding, “The prejudice against the Kurds, the sayings about the Kurds having tails and not being civilized is still happening because of the official education system. And that mindset helps justify cruel treatment and discrimination.”
クルド人に対する侮蔑的な偏見は強く、クルド人は尻尾がついた野蛮人だ、トルコでは言われており、学校でもそのように教育されているのである、と。
The Kurds in Turkey are perceived as pseudo-citizens, and therefore as potential terrorists. The Kurds are accepted to some degree, and as long as they assimilate diligently they are viewed as prospective Turks.
クルド人は似非市民、潜在的テロリストとみなされている。確かにある程度受け入れられることもあるが、トルコ人に同化する限りにおいてだ、と。
ーーこれは繰り返しでてくるね。市長や議員になれても、拷問うけるわけだから、トルコでは。
クルド系トルコ人と結婚した方がおられたが、ハウスニグロみたいな感じの人もいるのかもしれないね。
＊wiki
Remziye Tosun is a Kurdish politician from Turkey who has been a deputy of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) in the Turkish parliament since the parliamentary elections in June 2018. In March 2020, Tosun was charged by prosecutors with "inciting the public to enmity and hatred or humiliating." On 11 September 2020, she was sentenced to 10 years in prison for "membership of a terrorist organisation".
Turkish and Kurdish detainees tortured, raped – UN rapporteur says
Torture and ill treatment of detainees is widespread in Turkey and officials enjoy impunity from prosecution, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture wrote in a report.
トルコ人およびクルド人の抑留者の拷問、虐待がトルコではまん延していると、国連
U.N. Accuses Turkey of Killing Hundreds of Kurds
By Nick Cumming-Bruce
March 10, 2017
反クルド賊軍作戦にとにおいて、数百の人々が殺害され、即決殺人、拷問、強姦、家屋破壊などの人権侵害があった、と。GENEVA — Turkey’s military and police forces have killed hundreds of people during operations against Kurdish rebels in southeastern Turkey, the United Nations said on Friday in a report that listed summary killings, torture, rape and widespread destruction of property among an array of human rights abuses.
The report, by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, details how operations by the Turkish infantry, artillery, tanks and possibly aircraft drove up to half a million people from their homes over a 17-month period from July 2015 to the end of 2016.
Thousands of Kurds have been displaced from Turkey’s southeastern war-torn areas, while hundreds were tortured after leaving their hometowns.Hisham Arafat2016/06/02 18:34
トルコ南東部で戦禍のため数千のクルド人が移住を強いられた、数百のクルド人はホームタウンを去ってから拷問を受けた、と。
“Kurdish children feel more and more worthless in an environment where Turkish and Turkishness are sanctified,” a teacher is quoted as saying in the report.The report is filled with dramatic stories told by Kurdish parents about the discrimination that they and their children have been subjected to at schools.
学校の授業ではクルド語は話すこともできる、クルド人の生徒は自分たちは価値がない人間だと思いこむようなる。 調査報告書は保護者がクルド人生徒がいかなる差別を受けているかの事例に満ちている、と。
ーーーウクライナ人は准難民として認められるのにクルド人はなんで認められないのか、という主張が少しわかるようなったね。
参考
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